Effectors in plant–microbe interactions

Effectors in plant–microbe interactions

Effectors, effectors et encore des effectors: the XIV International Congress on Molecular-Plant Microbe Interactions, Quebec.

Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, U.S.A.; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada; Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A.; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, U.K.; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiol...

Bacterial secreted effectors and caspase-3 interactions

Apoptosis is a critical process that intrinsically links organism survival to its ability to induce controlled death. Thus, functional apoptosis allows organisms to remove perceived threats to their survival by targeting those cells that it determines pose a direct risk. Central to this process are apoptotic caspases, enzymes that form a signalling cascade, converting danger signals via initiat...

The role of effectors and host immunity in plant–necrotrophic fungal interactions

Fungal diseases pose constant threats to the global economy and food safety. As the largest group of plant fungal pathogens, necrotrophic fungi cause heavy crop losses worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of the interaction between necrotrophic fungi and plants are complex and involve sophisticated recognition and signaling networks. Here, we review recent findings on the roles of phytotoxin and...

PKC-induced ERK1/2 interactions and downstream effectors in ovine cerebral arteries.

Both protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) are involved in mediating vascular smooth muscle contraction. We tested the hypotheses that in addition to PKC activation of ERK1/2, by negative feedback ERKs modulate PKC-induced contraction, and that their interactions modulate both thick and thin myofilament pathways. In ovine middle cerebral arteries (MCA), we m...